Written by: dr. Alexandra Francesca Chandra, MRes
SARS-COV-2 is a type of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 respiratory infection.
Facts
80% of cases are usually mild-moderate
15% of cases are severe
5% of cases are critical (must be treated in the ICU)
Increased number of severe cases and death are observed in people with the following comorbidities:
- Heart disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Chronic pulmonary disease
- Hypertension
- Cancer
- Age >60 years old
Elderly and immunocompromised people are more prone to COVID-19.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary from mild to severe airway infection, such as:
- Fever
- Breathing difficulties
- Coughing
- Sore throat
Mode of Transmission
- This disease can be transmitted between humans
- It is transmitted through droplet when coughing/sneezing
- Air transmission is possible in certain conditions/activities that produce aerosol
Incubation Period
The incubation period ranges from 1 to 14 days, with an average of 5-6 days.
| Situation |
Classification |
What to do |
Discharge Criteria |
- Exposed but no symptoms
- History of contact with confirmed/probable COVID-19
|
Close Contact Case |
- Quarantine for 14 days
- Observed by health workers via teleconsultation
|
- No symptoms after 14 days of quarantine
- If symptoms occur during quarantine, becomes Suspected Case
|
- Exposed with symptoms
- Symptoms occur during quarantine
|
Suspected Case |
- See a doctor
- RT-PCR on day 1 AND day 2 when symptom occurs
- ·Self-isolation while waiting for PCR result
- Observed in outpatient care
|
- RT-PCR 2x negative for 2 consecutive days (24 hr apart)
- If positive, becomes Confirmed Case
|
| Mild to severe flu-like-symptoms |
- Severe flu-like symptoms
- Clinical state resembling COVID-19
- Waiting for RT-PCR result
|
Probable Case |
- Self-isolation
- Get tested (lab and chest X-ray)
- Those living in the same house are treated as Close Contact Case
|
- RT-PCR 2x negative for 2 consecutive days (24 hr apart)
- If positive, becomes Confirmed Case
|
| Positive RT-PCR |
Confirmed Case |
- See a doctor
- Self-isolation
- Get tested (lab, chest X-ray, others as indicated)
- Those living in the same house are treated as Close Contact Case
- Hospital admission if symptoms worsen
|
1. No symptoms
- Self-isolation 10 days after positive RT-PCR result
- No need for another RT-PCR after isolation is over
2. Mild-moderate symptoms
- 10 days isolation + 3 days without symptoms
- No need for another RT-PCR after isolation is over
3. Severe symptoms
Hospital admission, can be discharged after 10 days, negative RT-PCR AND min. 3 days without symptoms |
How to Prevent it?
- Always wear a medical mask every time you go out of your house
- Routinely wash your hands with soap and water
- Always maintain a 2-meter physical distance with others
- Do not go out if not necessary
- Avoid crowds
- Healthy lifestyle, get enough rest, balanced diet, mild physical activity, and bask in the sun
References:
- Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Revisi ke-5. http://covid19.go.id/p/protokol/pedoman-pencegahan-dan-pengendalian-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-revisi-ke-5
- Protokol Tatalaksana COVID-19. Kementerian Kesehatan. Agustus 2020.
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Original content from :
Publish on : September 21, 2021 7:02 pm
Publish by : Editor RSAW
